When working on your landscape and garden areas, an important concept to consider is mulching. There are many benefits to mulching! Number one is water conservation and it can add a fresh, finished look to your landscape. So here is some basic information of the types of mulch, the benefits of mulching, and some how-to’s.
Types of Mulch
There are two basic types of mulch; organic and inorganic. Organic mulch is comprised of natural materials that will break down over time and add nutrients to the soil. Inorganic mulch is made up of material (like rock) that won’t decompose.
Organic Mulch
Organic mulch comes in many forms like grass clippings or wood chips from tree bark, or even shredded redwood, and each has consideration of where they might best work for your landscape.
Grass clippings are great when you have a lawn, they can be used in vegetable gardens or under bushes but be sure not to use any clippings treated with herbicides or pesticides.
Woodchips are great for water conservation, preventing soil erosion, and weed control.
Cocoa mulch is an interesting and unusual option, it should applied in a thinner layer and is beautiful with a rich dark color. Bonus, it has a chocolatey smell that lasts 2-3 weeks. The downside, cocoa mulch is pricier but it does last longer as you use less. (Note: cocoa mulch does contain theobromine and caffeine, ingredients that harm dogs. If a 50-pound dog swallows 5.3 ounces, seizures can occur; 9 ounces can cause death).
Straw is a great option, especially for vegetable gardens. If you choose this option, be sure to ask for clean, weed-free straw and if you are able, take the time to treat the straw before laying it down as straw can contain viable seeds.
Chopped leaves, a handy option in the fall as they are a readily available source, but be sure to chop them up with a lawnmower fitted with a grass catcher first. Otherwise, the leaves might become matted. Wet leaves after applying them to keep them from blowing away.
Inorganic Mulch
Inorganic mulch is often available in forms like rock, lava rock, stone, and even recycled tires.
Recycled tire is a great option when planning to mulch around play areas for kids and comes in bright fun colors like red and orange. This material seems to have an impact absorption which also adds a little bit of safety to the landscaping as well.
Lava Rock is lighter weight than traditional stone and it has a lovely finished quality to nice areas. It might cost a bit more for the initial investment, but that will pay off as lava rock lasts forever. A couple notes: be sure to place in an area that doesn’t require much gardening maintenance as the edges are sharp. Also, be sure of where you put it, once lava rock is down, it is difficult to move.
Stone is commonly used in xeriscape gardening. It is handy as it absorbs heat during the day and release it to the plants at night. This also lasts longer and you can do with a thinner layer to cover the ground. However, the heat absorption bonus can cause faster water evaporation from soil and is most frequently with dark-colored stones.
Benefits
There are many great reasons to use mulch in your garden or landscaping. To name a few mulching:
Protects soil from erosion
Reduces compaction from the impact of heavy rains
Conserves moisture, reducing the need for frequent watering
Maintains a more even soil temperature
Keeps fruits and vegetables clean
Keeps feet clean, allowing access to garden even when damp
Provides a “finished” look to a garden/landscape
Fall and winter: insulate plants.
Spring and summer: hold in moisture and decrease weeds.
How-To
When mulching, you will need to look at the specific type of mulch you are using to determine the best amount to use. You will find that certain mulches like rock or grass clippings will need thinner layers. When piled too thickly, grass clippings clump, and become slimy as it decomposes creating a less than pleasant odor. Rock can get too heavy if too much is used. So take care in how much you use when choosing your mulch type.
Overall, for wood (pieces and shredded alike) the rule of thumb is your application should be about a four-inch layer over most of the area. Near the plant, however, barely cover ground as it will hold in too much moisture and cause the plant to rot. Newer trees, be sure to keep a space of six-inches between the tree and the mulch also to prevent rotting.
Remember when using wood product, it will leach nitrogen from the soil as it breaks down so be sure to add a fertilizer with nitrogen additive to the soil prior to laying your mulch.
Final note, typically organic mulches will need to be replenished about every six months.
There are many options and style available for mulching and Pacific Vista Landscape Services wants to help you find the perfect one for your home or business. When planning a garden or preparing to change your landscaping, be sure to contact Pacific Vista and we would be happy to discuss the best option for your plans!
May 18, 2016 brought a surprising reversal of the mandatory statewide 25% urban water use reduction in California. The new rules will take place on June 1st. Struggling through the 5th year of one of the worst droughts in California’s recent history, the new policy was an unexpected change after winter storms fell short of expected totals, especially in Southern California.
The good news is that according to a new survey shared by National Geographic, the snowpack of the Sierra Nevada is up to almost its average: "California's five-year drought isn't over yet, but the state's snowpack now stands at 97 percent of its historical average, according to a measurement taken today in the Sierra Nevada.”
However the report also confirms the need for future conservation: "The state has lost so much water over the past several years that it will take more than this season to refill aquifers and reservoirs, a fact that may prompt additional conservation measures. Further, the state is expected to see a rising population—and therefore more water demand—as well as increased climate uncertainty in the future.”
Last year, Gov. Brown ordered a 25% cut in water usage statewide, while some communities with the highest use per-capita, were ordered to make up to a 36% cut. Californians did overall a great job cutting usage by an average of 24 percent compared to 2013 levels.
However, some worry the overall suspension of restrictions sends the wrong message that the drought is over and people will go back to wasting water which will lead to statewide restrictions being re-instated. Hopefully people will make it a lifestyle change like they have in Australia: "After a decade-long drought devastated parts of Australia, governments, farmers, businesses, and citizens got even more serious about saving water. The result is that South Australians use four to five times less water per capita than Californians. “
The move to suspend restrictions statewide comes with new rules empowering regional water districts to make their own restrictions based on water supply. This makes sense because the state’s drought levels vary largely between northern and southern California: "The state has long struggled to find ways to get water in the north to the people in the south. The state’s reservoir levels reflect the geographical disparity of El Niño. The state’s two largest and most important reservoirs, Shasta Lake and Oroville Lake, are both above their historical averages for this time of year. But reservoirs farther south, like New Melones Lake and Castaic Lake, remain far below average."
Although state water regulations have been suspended, the state made it permanently forbidden to wash a car without a shut-off valve, watering of street medians, and hosing down driveways and sidewalks.
Agricultural restrictions are still in place and abide by a different set of rules. California agriculture uses the most of state’s water supply. Their restrictions were also based on seniority and will adjust as more water becomes available.
Possible other sources of relief would come from new technology and a better infrastructure. Water catchment systems are also proving beneficial. Landscaping irrigation systems with Smart Meters are a great investment for everyone from homeowners to commercial property owners and do an incredible job of watering only when truly needed.
Our experts at Pacific Vista Landscape Services are great at saving water! We have the latest in water saving irrigation systems and Smart Meters! Install a water saving system for your property and be proactive with helping our wonderful state save water while you also save money! It's a win win!
source: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160330-california-snow-survey-snowpack-water-drought
Cloud seeding is a form of weather modification which involves the introduction of silver iodide (or sometimes dry ice) into the clouds to activate the formation of precipitation in the form of rain or snow. Cloud seeding has evolved over the years and scientists now know more about the process and what works and what doesn’t.
The technology of seeding clouds was introduced 70 years ago by the experiments of Vincent Schaefer. In 1946, this self-taught chemist seeded clouds over the mountains of Massachusetts with six pounds of dry ice. This experiment resulted in snowfall. Since then, his experiment has led to the belief that cloud seeding could be an answer to the ongoing problems of drought, control of forest fires, control of mega storms and the reduction of damaging hail.
Los Angeles County has attempted to increase precipitation by using cloud seeding since 1950‘s. In the recent rainfall in early March, 2016, clouds were seeded over Los Angeles. This was the first cloud seeding in LA done by the Department of Public Works since 2005.
How Is Cloud Seeding Done?
There are a couple ways to seed clouds. One way is via an airplane flying into the clouds with flares on the wings to release aerosolized silver iodide to stimulate rain and snow. Another way is using generators, which resemble mini missile launchers that sit on the ground and shoot silver iodide smoke into the clouds. The particles in the smoke attract water vapor which freeze onto the particles. When the frozen particles become heavy enough, they fall as rain.
Is Cloud Seeding Safe?
Because the small amount of silver iodide that is used, it is generally conceeded that cloud seeding does not harm the environment. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “there is no reason to fear any toxic effects.”
Does Cloud Seeding Really Work?
The process of cloud seeding has improved over the years, but there is a difference of opinion as to whether or not cloud seeding really works, and if there are any long-term negative repercussions on the environment from the use of this process. In an article published in the LA Times, the Los Angeles County officials stated that their studies show that cloud seeding results in about a 15 percent increase in rainfall. However, there is is some disagreement coming from the scientific community regarding this figure. To quote from Lynn Russell of Scripts Institute’s Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, “there is no scientist who actually thinks that cloud seeding works.” She stated in an interview with NBC San Diego, that “there is has been no scientific increase in rainfall totals when seeding techniques are used.” In addition, there are still questions about how much extra precipitation seeding actually creates. The Desert Research Institute of Nevada has estimated that cloud seeding has produced an increase of ten percent in the snowpack. However, in 2013, the California Department of Water Resources issued a report that stated that cloud seeding only produced an average snowpack of four percent.
The Future of Cloud Seeding
Cloud seeding programs across the country are awaiting the completion of a 13 million dollar study started in 2005 by the state of Wyoming. This is the first truly exhaustive, in depth study of the technology. It will attempt to determine whether or not cloud seeding will increase the snowpack in the state’s mountain ranges. It is believed by many in the field that this study will bring new credence to the process.
However, Robert Moore of the National Resources Defence Council (NRDC) states that “the efficient use of water is the cheapest and most reliable way of making more of it available for future use.”
Sources:
https://weather.com/science/environment/news/california-cloud-seeding http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-california-tries-to-make-snow.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlX7rJv_m0g http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-86155840/
